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#21
FAQ About Cable / What is the AC Hi-Pot Testing ...
Last post by tacettin - December 23, 2023, 03:29:42 PMWhat is the AC Hi-Pot Testing?
Cables and cable accessories can also be field tested with 60 Hz AC voltage, even though this is typically not done because of the requirement for heavy and costly test equipment that may not be available or transportable to a field site. The typical field tests done on cables are DC hi-pot or VLF tests, such as one-tenth of hertz
frequency tests in lieu of AC hi-pot tests. Nevertheless, if AC hi-pot acceptance and maintenance tests are to be done on power cables, then it needs to be kept in mind that this test is not very practical in the field. Also, the AC hi-pot test can only be completed as a go-no-go test. Hence, it may create extensive damage in the case the cable under test fails. On the other hand, the AC hi-pot test has a distinct benefit over other tests that stress the insulation comparably to the normal operating voltage. Also, this test replicates the factory test completed on the new power cable. When completing the AC 60 Hz hi-pot test attention needs to be given to the adequacy of the test equipment for successfully charging the test specimen. The AC test equipment needs to have proper volt-ampere (VA) capacity to provide the needed cable charging current requirements of the tested cable. The VA capacity of the AC hi-pot test equipment can be calculated with the following formula:
𝑉𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑓𝑐𝐸^2 or 𝑘𝑉𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑓𝑐𝐸^2 × 10^−3
where
c is capacitance (μf/mile)
f is the frequency (Hz)
E is the test voltage (kV) of the test set
The test voltage values suggested for acceptance and maintenance tests are 80%
and 60%, respectively, of the final factory test voltage.
Cables and cable accessories can also be field tested with 60 Hz AC voltage, even though this is typically not done because of the requirement for heavy and costly test equipment that may not be available or transportable to a field site. The typical field tests done on cables are DC hi-pot or VLF tests, such as one-tenth of hertz
frequency tests in lieu of AC hi-pot tests. Nevertheless, if AC hi-pot acceptance and maintenance tests are to be done on power cables, then it needs to be kept in mind that this test is not very practical in the field. Also, the AC hi-pot test can only be completed as a go-no-go test. Hence, it may create extensive damage in the case the cable under test fails. On the other hand, the AC hi-pot test has a distinct benefit over other tests that stress the insulation comparably to the normal operating voltage. Also, this test replicates the factory test completed on the new power cable. When completing the AC 60 Hz hi-pot test attention needs to be given to the adequacy of the test equipment for successfully charging the test specimen. The AC test equipment needs to have proper volt-ampere (VA) capacity to provide the needed cable charging current requirements of the tested cable. The VA capacity of the AC hi-pot test equipment can be calculated with the following formula:
𝑉𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑓𝑐𝐸^2 or 𝑘𝑉𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑓𝑐𝐸^2 × 10^−3
where
c is capacitance (μf/mile)
f is the frequency (Hz)
E is the test voltage (kV) of the test set
The test voltage values suggested for acceptance and maintenance tests are 80%
and 60%, respectively, of the final factory test voltage.
#22
FAQ About Cable / Re: what is the hot set test ?
Last post by tacettin - December 23, 2023, 03:21:18 PM #23
FAQ About Cable / Re: what is the hot set test ?
Last post by tacettin - December 23, 2023, 03:17:43 PMConditioning - All the test specimens shall be kept at a temperature of 27 f 2°C for a period
of not less than 16 h Immediately before test.
Procedure
8.1 The distance between marker lines shall be measured.
8.2 The test pieces shall be suspended in the oven and weights attached to the bottom grips to
exert a force of the value specified for the material in the relevant cable standard.
8.3 After 15 min in the oven at 'the temperature specified for the material in the relevant cable
standard, the distance between the marker lines shall be measured. If the oven does not have a
window and the oven door needs to be opened to make the measurement, the measurement shall
be made not more than 30 s after opening the door.
fin the case of dispute the test shall be carried out in an oven with a window and the measure-
ment made without opening the door.
8.4 The tensile force shall then be removed from the test piece (by cutting the test piece at the
lower grip), and the test piece left to recover for 5 min at the specified temperature.
3.5 The test pieces shall then be removed from the oven and allowed to cool slowly to ambient
temperature, after which the distance between the marker lines shall be measured again.
Calculation
The percentage hot set elongation = (B-A)/A x 100
Permanent set percent = (C -A)/A x 100
initial Length Length of the Gauge mark A, mm
Between the Mark after 15 Min with load Gauge Mark B, mm
Length of the Gauge Mark at Room Temperature after Test, C mm
of not less than 16 h Immediately before test.
Procedure
8.1 The distance between marker lines shall be measured.
8.2 The test pieces shall be suspended in the oven and weights attached to the bottom grips to
exert a force of the value specified for the material in the relevant cable standard.
8.3 After 15 min in the oven at 'the temperature specified for the material in the relevant cable
standard, the distance between the marker lines shall be measured. If the oven does not have a
window and the oven door needs to be opened to make the measurement, the measurement shall
be made not more than 30 s after opening the door.
fin the case of dispute the test shall be carried out in an oven with a window and the measure-
ment made without opening the door.
8.4 The tensile force shall then be removed from the test piece (by cutting the test piece at the
lower grip), and the test piece left to recover for 5 min at the specified temperature.
3.5 The test pieces shall then be removed from the oven and allowed to cool slowly to ambient
temperature, after which the distance between the marker lines shall be measured again.
Calculation
The percentage hot set elongation = (B-A)/A x 100
Permanent set percent = (C -A)/A x 100
initial Length Length of the Gauge mark A, mm
Between the Mark after 15 Min with load Gauge Mark B, mm
Length of the Gauge Mark at Room Temperature after Test, C mm
#24
FAQ About Cable / What is the Flamability tests ...
Last post by tacettin - November 15, 2023, 01:58:53 PM
#25
Serbia and Montenegro (205) / TESLA CABLES Ltd
Last post by tacettin - November 08, 2023, 09:43:41 AM
TESLA CABLES Ltd
About the Company
Tesla Cables Ltd is a young Croatian company established in 2013, specializing in the wholesale of all types of cables and wiring.
Its product portfolio consists of the products of leading local and European cable manufacturers (such as Eurocable Group d.d., Draka Prysmian, I.C.E.L. Cavi, General Cable, La Triveneta Cavi, ICME Ecab, Hellenic Cables, ERSE Kablo, Waskönig+Walter, etc.).
Tesla Cables Ltd is located in Sveta Nedelja, Industrijska 20, near the Zagreb-Ljubljana motorway and the Zagreb bypass, providing customers with simple and quick access to the distribution warehouse, and the company with quick access to all major roads leading to its end buyers.
CONTACT INFO
Tesla Cables Ltd, Industrijska 20, 10431 Sveta Nedelja, Croatia
Tel: +385 1 2362-900
Fax: +385 1 2362-901
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#26
H03RT-H / Üntel H03RT-H These rubber in...
Last post by tacettin - October 16, 2023, 08:02:23 AMThese rubber-insulated cables with textile braid sheath are mainly used in household appliances and mainly for electrical iron cords. They are also available to use for ovens and roaster where accidental contact with hot surfaces are possible.
#27
FAQ About Cable / What is the resistance constan...
Last post by tacettin - September 06, 2023, 05:58:01 PMWhat is the resistance constant and volume resistivity of cable ?
Courtesy: study made by Prof. Shri S K Srivastava, IRIEEN
Insulation resistance is the most commonly measured parameter to check the health of Electrical Insulation. In case of cables the IR differs from cable to cable depending upon the length of cable, insulation thickness and type of cable. For example IR value of 1 meter cable and IR value of 100 meter of same cable are not comparable in absolute term as the later value will be 100th of the former. This paper tries to answer most commonly asked questions such as:
1) What should be the megger voltage?
2) What should be the sample length?
3) What are the limiting values?
4) What is the governing IS?
Insulation Resistance
The Insulation resistance is defined as the Quotient of applied voltage divided by the current measured at a given time from the start of electrification. We normally measure the insulation resistance by hand driven megger. Initially when we start rotating the instrument, the capacitance across the insulation gets charged due to which the initial current is high thus giving impression of low IR. When the megger is uniformly driven at constant speed for a definite time (1 Min), the voltage applied across the insulation becomes constant and capacitance gets fully charged. The current passing through the insulation gets stabilized to steady state ohmic current and we get constant value of Insulation Resistance.
Voltage and Sample length for IR measurement
If we go through the IS specification for various types of cables i.e. XLPE cable, Elastomeric Cable and PVC insulated cable , we will find that the test method for Insulation resistance for these cables is as per IS 10810 part 43 - 1991 . This IS deals with the measurement of the insulation resistance of the cables. As per above IS the voltage for IR measurement should be 300 ± 30 or 500 ±50 Volt dc.
At this point there is always one question whether HV cables are to be tested by 300 ± 30 or 500 ±50 volt dc IR meter then the answer is yes. If we go through the IS of cables even for HV cable the test method is as per IS 10810 Part 43. And this IS specifies the voltage for the measurement of IR as 300 ± 30 or 500 ±50 volt dc. Thus the voltage rating of cable has no relation to the voltage to be applied for the measurement of IR.
As far as the sample length is concerned as per the relevant IS i.e. IS 10810 Part 43 it should be full drum length or not less than 3 meters.
Limiting Values
Once we are measuring certain parameter to check the condition of insulating material or for that matter for any system then we must know the limiting values. Limiting values means what is the acceptable limit and what is the governing specification. Since we are discussing here the Insulation resistance parameter for the cable then we must know the limiting values for this and governing specification.
Before going to the parameters some fundamental observations regularly made in the measurement of IR of cable, needs to be discussed.
Let us take a condition where we are carrying out the measurement of two cables of same type and size but with different length say 100 m and 10 m. The measured IR comes same say 5 M ohm then which cable insulation strength is better. The next question comes if one is better then how much better.
Take another condition in which the length of cable is same say 100 m in both the case and type i.e. material of the cable is also same but size is different. In this case also if the measured IR value is same say 5 MOhm then which cable is better.
If we go through the IS for cables we will find that the limiting values for Insulation resistance is not given directly. Instead in these IS specifications the limiting value for Insulation resistance constant or the volume resistivity is given. These parameters take into account the above factors i.e. the size of the cable and the length of cable.
Insulation Resistance constant and Volume resistivity
The insulation resistance constant and volume resistivity parameters are defined as under:
Where
R = Measured Resistance ( M W )
L = Length of Cable (m)
D = Diameter over the insulation excluding screen if any ( mm )
d = Diameter over the conductor excluding screen if any ( mm )
Incase of shaped conductor D is to be replaced P and d is to be replaced by p where
P = Perimeter over the shaped insulated core ( mm )
p = Perimeter over the shaped conductor (mm )
Let us take the same condition, which has been discussed in para 3. Two cables of same type and same size but of different length i.e. 100 m and 10 m are showing the same value of Insulation resistance ( 5 M ohm ). The IR constant for these two cases will be
We can see here a distinct difference in the health of two cable, which were showing apparently same value of Insulation resistance i.e. 5 M ohm. Similarly we can take the second condition in which the cable size is different but all other parameter like type of cable and length of cable is same. Even if it is showing same value of IR , the IR constant will be different for different size of cables, because of Log10 ( D / d ) factor. We will be able to differentiate between the health of two cables which apparently showing the same value of IR.
Limiting values as per some IS's
Where Type A,B,C are the type of cable.
From the above it can be seen that the minimum value of IR constant or Volume resistivity of the cable is specified in the specification of the cable. Also the test methods for these cable are as per the IS 10810 Part 43 1991.
For better appreciation the IR min value of 1 m length has been calculated (see below) for certain typical cables from the limiting values of IR constant and volume resistivity as per the corresponding IS. In all these cases circular cable has been assumed and the nominal thickness of insulation has been taken as the insulation thickness.
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Courtesy: study made by Prof. Shri S K Srivastava, IRIEEN
Insulation resistance is the most commonly measured parameter to check the health of Electrical Insulation. In case of cables the IR differs from cable to cable depending upon the length of cable, insulation thickness and type of cable. For example IR value of 1 meter cable and IR value of 100 meter of same cable are not comparable in absolute term as the later value will be 100th of the former. This paper tries to answer most commonly asked questions such as:
1) What should be the megger voltage?
2) What should be the sample length?
3) What are the limiting values?
4) What is the governing IS?
Insulation Resistance
The Insulation resistance is defined as the Quotient of applied voltage divided by the current measured at a given time from the start of electrification. We normally measure the insulation resistance by hand driven megger. Initially when we start rotating the instrument, the capacitance across the insulation gets charged due to which the initial current is high thus giving impression of low IR. When the megger is uniformly driven at constant speed for a definite time (1 Min), the voltage applied across the insulation becomes constant and capacitance gets fully charged. The current passing through the insulation gets stabilized to steady state ohmic current and we get constant value of Insulation Resistance.
Voltage and Sample length for IR measurement
If we go through the IS specification for various types of cables i.e. XLPE cable, Elastomeric Cable and PVC insulated cable , we will find that the test method for Insulation resistance for these cables is as per IS 10810 part 43 - 1991 . This IS deals with the measurement of the insulation resistance of the cables. As per above IS the voltage for IR measurement should be 300 ± 30 or 500 ±50 Volt dc.
At this point there is always one question whether HV cables are to be tested by 300 ± 30 or 500 ±50 volt dc IR meter then the answer is yes. If we go through the IS of cables even for HV cable the test method is as per IS 10810 Part 43. And this IS specifies the voltage for the measurement of IR as 300 ± 30 or 500 ±50 volt dc. Thus the voltage rating of cable has no relation to the voltage to be applied for the measurement of IR.
As far as the sample length is concerned as per the relevant IS i.e. IS 10810 Part 43 it should be full drum length or not less than 3 meters.
Limiting Values
Once we are measuring certain parameter to check the condition of insulating material or for that matter for any system then we must know the limiting values. Limiting values means what is the acceptable limit and what is the governing specification. Since we are discussing here the Insulation resistance parameter for the cable then we must know the limiting values for this and governing specification.
Before going to the parameters some fundamental observations regularly made in the measurement of IR of cable, needs to be discussed.
Let us take a condition where we are carrying out the measurement of two cables of same type and size but with different length say 100 m and 10 m. The measured IR comes same say 5 M ohm then which cable insulation strength is better. The next question comes if one is better then how much better.
Take another condition in which the length of cable is same say 100 m in both the case and type i.e. material of the cable is also same but size is different. In this case also if the measured IR value is same say 5 MOhm then which cable is better.
If we go through the IS for cables we will find that the limiting values for Insulation resistance is not given directly. Instead in these IS specifications the limiting value for Insulation resistance constant or the volume resistivity is given. These parameters take into account the above factors i.e. the size of the cable and the length of cable.
Insulation Resistance constant and Volume resistivity
The insulation resistance constant and volume resistivity parameters are defined as under:
Where
R = Measured Resistance ( M W )
L = Length of Cable (m)
D = Diameter over the insulation excluding screen if any ( mm )
d = Diameter over the conductor excluding screen if any ( mm )
Incase of shaped conductor D is to be replaced P and d is to be replaced by p where
P = Perimeter over the shaped insulated core ( mm )
p = Perimeter over the shaped conductor (mm )
Let us take the same condition, which has been discussed in para 3. Two cables of same type and same size but of different length i.e. 100 m and 10 m are showing the same value of Insulation resistance ( 5 M ohm ). The IR constant for these two cases will be
We can see here a distinct difference in the health of two cable, which were showing apparently same value of Insulation resistance i.e. 5 M ohm. Similarly we can take the second condition in which the cable size is different but all other parameter like type of cable and length of cable is same. Even if it is showing same value of IR , the IR constant will be different for different size of cables, because of Log10 ( D / d ) factor. We will be able to differentiate between the health of two cables which apparently showing the same value of IR.
Limiting values as per some IS's
Where Type A,B,C are the type of cable.
From the above it can be seen that the minimum value of IR constant or Volume resistivity of the cable is specified in the specification of the cable. Also the test methods for these cable are as per the IS 10810 Part 43 1991.
For better appreciation the IR min value of 1 m length has been calculated (see below) for certain typical cables from the limiting values of IR constant and volume resistivity as per the corresponding IS. In all these cases circular cable has been assumed and the nominal thickness of insulation has been taken as the insulation thickness.
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#28
General Cable Information / 12Cores Strand methods for cab...
Last post by tacettin - August 17, 2023, 06:29:35 PM12Cores Strand methods for cable manufacturing
#29
Russia (193) / Estralin PS LLC
Last post by tacettin - August 07, 2023, 06:08:30 PM
Estralin PS LLC
History
"Estralin" was established in 2008. The central office is located in Switzerland. In 2009 the company set up its Russian Division and took a strong position on the Russian market. Due to strategic partnerships with reputable cable and accessories manufacturers, based on highly skilled personnel with long operational experience with HV cable systems, "Estralin" is already established as main provider of expertise in High Voltage Cable Systems.
Main activities
The main activities of "Estralin" are following:
XLPE cable 60-220 kV production;
rendering of full engineering services for 60-500 kV cable line construction based on the Customer 's demands and project specific requirements;
realization of the complex supply of HV cables and accessories 60-500 kV and other power engineering and electrical equipment of the leading world and Russian manufacturers;
providing of cable laying, accessories and other equipment installation.
Partners
"Estralin" established a strategic cooperation with world leaders in cable production, they are following:
"Südkabel GmbH" has been a reliable supplier of cable systems for more than one hundred years and is specialised in the manufacture of XLPE insulated power cables and associated cable accessories 10 to 550 kV. "Südkabel GmbH" delivers cables and cable accessories 110 to 500 kV. All the manufactured products have international certificates of quality and comply with IEC standards for this type of products which are certified by JCS "FSK EES" and JCS "Holding MRSK" for application in ENES of Russia.
"Demirer Kablo" is an energy solution provider and the biggest manufacturer of cables 110 to 330 kV. The cooperation strategy is based on the modern technologies development for cable manufacture. The production process is in conformity with ISO 9001 and applicable IEC standarts. "Demirer Kablo" delivers cable 110-330 kV. All products are certified by JCS "FSK EES" and JCS "Holding MRSK" for application in ENES of Russia.
"Prysmian" is one of the world leader in the market of advanced power and telecom cable systems. Their production is suitable for a large design flexibility and for any voltage rating. Cables are delivered with various accessories and harnesses. All products are certified by JCS "FSK EES" and JCS "Holding MRSK" for application in ENES of Russia . "Prysmian" delivers cable and accessories 110-330 kV.
Arkasil SK is cable accessories 110-220 kV manufacturer, supplies heat shrinkable components and special tools for installation.
"RKS – Plast" develops and produces most modern clamping systems. Cable clamps are designed and calculated using advanced computing systems based on extensive field experience and the reliability has been confirmed via testing at NITS VVA (HV Equipment Testing & Research Center). "RKS-Plast" delivers transposition and earthing boxes, mechabical clampings for cable 110-500 kV.
"Pfisterer" is one of the leading manufacturer of the electrotechnical products and developes contact components and power supply systems. "Pfisterer" delivers cable accessories 110-220 kV
"Lios technology" is a Germany-based dynamic internationally profiled company focusing on Temperature monitoring of cable Systems. "Lios technology" has successfully introduced optical fiber sensing technology to a variety of outlets over many years.
Contacts
Russia
"Estralin PS"
111024, Moscow,
2-nd Kabelnaya str,2, bld. 24
Tel: +7 (495)956-25-25
Fax: +7 (495)956-26-26
Russia
"Estralin HVC"
111024, Moscow,
2-nd Kabelnaya str,2, bld. 24
Tel: +7 (495) 956-66-99
Fax: +7 (495)234-32-94
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#30
Plastic Supplier / KABKOM Kimya Sanayi ve Ticaret...
Last post by tacettin - July 28, 2023, 08:05:45 PM
KABKOM Kimya Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.
About Us
KABKOM KIMYA INC. was established in 2011 to serve in cable plastic industry and started the production activity in 2013.
KABKOM KIMYA INC. that declared 2016 as the year of innovation, is at an important point with its investments in Quality and R&D laboratories and by using fully automated machines in its production lines in order to produce quality products and most importantly to keep up with the technological developments and ensure the continuity of this quality.
KABKOM KIMYA INC. provides the current requirements of the sector, in 2011 with its Aksaray factory established on an area of 27000 m²,11000 m² of which is closed.
KABKOM KIMYA INC. is a Turkish industrial company and has specialised in the research, development, design and production of cable compounds. Since the day it was founded, it continues activities as a preferred company due to high level of product quality and reliable service by producing companies in the cable sector throughout the country and globally.
Our company, with its experience and power accumulated for 23 years, will continue its investments as an innovative, followed and sought after company that responds to the expectations in the sector by preserving the existing company values.
Why Us?
Personal Data Protection Law
It aims to develope continuously by keeping its goals at the highest level. It provides the most professional service in operations and comes up with fast solutions to the needs and problems in the sector, together with experience managers, technically-adequate team of engineer, technicians and workers. It aims sustainable customer satisfaction and produces compounds for public and global cable manufacturers with their needs.
KABKOM INC. provides R&D services especially in the construction industry, superstructure and transportation projects, hydroelectric, geothermal, wind, solar power plants in the energy, communication sector by producting of HFFR and polymer component semi-finished products for cables used by following the latest developments in the sector.
By meeting the requirements of national and international standards and considering quality awareness at every stage of production, KABKOM INC. develops quality standards with personal development and technical trainings planned to ensure sustainable quality, improve quality system and increase employee competence.
Mission and Vision
Mission and Vision
Mission
As KABKOM KIMYA, we attach importance to continuity of innovation. With technical team and engineers of KABKOM, we take it as our duty to provide the fastest, the truest and continuous solutions to technological necessity. We act on our range of products with our professional staff. We prioritize the satisfaction of customer with the opportunities and consultancy services, not only quality raw materials. Nowadays, technology has become an indispensable part of our world and serve indisputably great to humanity. Another mission that technology serve in our rapidly developing and changing world is to protect our world and to leave a more livable world to future generations. As KABKOM KIMYA, we care nature, use materials that are not harmful to the environment and human health.
Vision
As KABKOM KIMYA, Our priority target is to exist actively in cable industry in Turkey and in the world with farsighted, dynamic, solution-oriented working principle by taking firm steps forward. Being a step ahead in competition is not a drema for us, but is our primary goal by following closely innovations with our R&D departments. Wıthin the scope representing our country with the best way it can be in the world cable proud us.
Quality Policy
Quality Policy
As KABKOM KIMYA INC. family, we continue our activities with quality products and reliable service values by R&D-oriented studies and respond the requirements of the customers with its R&D-oriented studies in cable compound production. As the senior managerial staff of KABKOM KIMYA INC. , we give a commitment and accept that assign the necessary resources in order to work at the highest standards for Quality Management System.
Following items within the scope of Quality Policy are given as commitments:
Acting in accordance with our mission and vision
Following the strategic direction appropriate to its purpose and goal
To satisfy the requirement of TS EN ISO 9001:2018 Quality Management System, maintain and improve it.
To exactly meet the customer requirements and desire.
To take action according to risk and opportunity analysis and follow it
To take action according to goals and follow it
To act in terms of the principles of privacy and objectivity in customer relations,to carry on after-service support
To provide a high standard of customer property by keeping it on first.
To improve of their competence within the scope of job description of employees
To raise awareness of employees in all management systems
To manage integratedly the studies with other management systems.
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